Marketing Management Brand Loyalty - 1913 Words

The primary focus of this research is to develop and understanding the reasons for brand loyalty, as there is a literature gap in this area of marketing management. A lot of researches been done in the past on the benefits of brand loyalty but there is a literature gap on how an organisation can build brand loyalty. The literature of market is still debating of what compromises brand loyalty (Chaudhuri Holbrook, 2001). The literature review analyses the general theories surrounding the concept of brand loyalty in previously adapted marketing management guidance, marketing science and the human communication researches with an indication as how understanding the factors contributing brand loyalty can actually help organisations to build brand loyalty amongst consumers. The sources used for the literature review are journal of management, information quarterly, textbooks, academic blogs, and official website publications. The structure of literature review begins with of definition of brand loyalty and then moves to the general theories surrounding factors contributing for brand loyalty d then a focused research on Apple’s achievement of brand loyalty. Brand Loyalty According to Bennett, Brand Loyalty has been existence since the 1920’s (Bennett Rundle-Thiele, 2002). Brand loyalty can simply be defined as the prejudiced behavioural purchase by consumers over the time with respect of one brand in comparison of other brands with similar functions due to psychologicalShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal on Brand Loyalty in Mobile Phone Market1416 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction 1. Problem Statement A number of papers have discussed about the factors that influence a consumer’s brand loyalty, such as An empirical model for brand loyalty measurement (Punniyamoorthy, M and Prasanna Mohan Raj, 2007), or â€Å"The relation between Brand Loyalty, Product Involvement and Information Search† (Ai Lin Lim, 1999). Although both of the researches mentioned above reached some conclusions about their topics, it is our initial assumption that these conclusions will beRead MoreBrand Management; Influence on Consumers’ Behaviour and Satisfaction1103 Words   |  5 Pagesimage. As a result, companies create own brands. According to American Marketing Association (2013), a brand is â€Å"a name, term, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one sellers good or service as distinct from those of other sellers.† Also, the process of creating connection or association between emotional perception of the consumer and company’s product with target of cre ating distinction and building loyalty has known as a brand management (Hislop, 2001). For instance when someoneRead MoreThe main concept of brand loyalty has been approached from three different factors which is600 Words   |  3 PagesThe main concept of brand loyalty has been approached from three different factors which is behavioral, attitudinal and composite loyalty. The researchers have their own assumption or known as behavioral view which they assume that the loyalty of a guest toward a brand is based on the repeat transactions occur. The study of O’Malley (1988) show that this approach provides a more realistic picture on how well the brand is performing compare to other competitors. However, this approach have been criticizedRead MoreCase Study on LOreal Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary L’Oreal was the world largest French-based cosmetic company, achieved successfully in global marketing with businesses in East and Western Europe, North America, Latin America, Asia and some other countries. Later, they spotted on China as a potential cosmetics market due to its extremely high population and entered the Chinese market to compete with other cosmetic brands as a late entrant. This report attempts to discuss on L’Oreal’s expansion in China. For example, in order toRead MoreComparative Analysis: Funnel Based Marketing Relative to Consumer Decision Journey Processes1725 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Branding in the Digital Age Introduction In the article Branding in the Digital Age (Edelman, 2010) author and research David Edelman successfully illustrates how the Internet has re-ordered the balance of power between consumers and the brands they develop loyalty to over the long-term. His premise of the article is based on how successfully the Internet is transforming buying decisions into a more egalitarian- and trust-based relationship between marketer and customer. The concepts he bases his CustomerRead MoreTrue Brand Loyalty1659 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumers that will switch brands or products as soon as the feel the need to do so. What companys look for in this consumer environment is creating a so-called brand loyalty. This paper will explore the ways companies go about in creating this brand loyalty and it will investigate the circumstances and effects that come with it. It will start of by thoroughly explaining what brand loyalty exactly is. After that an overview of key success factors stimulating brand loyalty will be given and we willRead MoreWhy Customer Loyalty Should Influence Marketing Strategy1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of Customer Loyalty can be seen in the work of Deming in his TQM model but the modern more detailed definition was derived from the work of Storbacka, Strandvik, and Gronroos (1994) in the area of service quality models. Relationship marketing places great emphasis on customer lifetime value. The conventional wisdom suggest that loyal customers are the most profitable but recent work by Heiner Evanschitsky and John Glanfield, both now at Aston Business School suggests that this may notRead MoreInternational Journal Of Contemporary Hospitality Management Essay15 40 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of branding as an undeniable tools for marketing strategy. (O Neill and Matilla 2010) I strongly agree with this statement because brand creates tremendous persuasive appeal and positive perception in the mind of customer which drive them to buy service from branded company rather than unknown non branded company or organization. Event though another article which was published in 2011 (Yoo, M., Lee, S., Bai, B. (2011). Hospitality marketing research from 2000 to 2009: topics, methodsRead MoreQuestions On Customer Knowledge Management Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pages2.2. Brand Exploratory 2.2.1 Customer knowledge As the core of the customer knowledge management, the customer knowledge is created the intellectuals of both businesses and customers. To improve the product innovation, which is including the customer s consumption preferences, the channel of consumption, and the nature of consumption (Lin, Che, Ting, 2012). People through the regularity of customers behavior realize customer knowledge (Dholakia, Kahn, Reeves, Rindfleisch, Stewart, Taylor,Read MoreMarketing Strategy Of Tesco Direct1656 Words   |  7 PagesAfter two years Tesco introduced their loyalty program with steady growth, Tesco moved to another marketing strategy, which is Tesco Direct and Tesco.com. Tesco Direct is a platform to sell home electrical, sports, beauty, toys, entertainment, books, etc. The positioning and message in the main page of Tesco Direct (Figure 1.0) is very clear and significant. When viewer click into the organisation’s website, the first sight is fall on the homepage. Homepage can decide how truly the viewers are engaging

Impacts of Indian Cinema on Children of Pakistan Free Essays

The Indian Cinema is currently the Largest film producer in the world. The film industry has been highly rewarding when it comes to the national economy of India. Be it movies, to movie stars, the idea and the drama they portray has been highly admired and enjoyed by people worldwide especially in Pakistan. We will write a custom essay sample on Impacts of Indian Cinema on Children of Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thousands of films produced per annum are watched by millions of people from children to adults. And is a big source of encouragement for the Youth to come up and be a part of the largest industry in the world. It might be a huge source of encouragement for the Youth but on the other hand the films have proved to have influenced the young generations on a huge scale in this era. As most of the tech-smart are basically the young generations today, they automatically have access to all sort of media and public forums. Teenagers especially today are too inspired by movies today, they look for motivation and situations they find relatable in their daily life as entertainment. Prior to that, Indian Cinema is well aware what kind of audience to Target today, which is earning alot of revenue for them today. Especially in Pakistan, us Pakistani enjoy and idolize our favorite Indian movies and actors. Every country promoted their religion, tradition and culture through media and India has been quite successful in doing that. Today our Muslim children have memorized all the rituals that are performed in exorcism movies ( I.e; 1920 the movie) and all the Hindu prayers instead of what’s in the Quran and its message. Furthermore Indian movies always come up with a feature song, which basically is also known as Item Song. Which features famous actresses for a dance performance in the movie. Such movies have been a huge source of negativity in our country. Indian movies promote nudity and vulgarity which is strictly forbidden in the laws of Islam. The young generations is very much attracted to such movies, songs and stars, which have proved to be very normal. The sad part is that even parents are so outdated from technology they have no idea about the current affairs and what their children are doing on their devices. Our Film Industry seems highly motivated to compete the Indian Cinema too, as they in their recent movies have been featuring Item Songs (i.e Karachi se Lahore). There are various Indian Movies that have been produced to promote rivalry between Pakistan and India which has been a very huge point of negativity leading to recreation of history. This has created a negative image about Pakistan in the minds of our children because the Indian Cinema has blinded the youth by showing false glories and fabricated history to encourage the greatness of Hindustan. The young minds in return get double minded and curious to know what exactly is behind the story and not everyonr is able to prove what actually happened because our elders and seniors, they themselves have been idolizing the Indian Cinema throughout ages. On the brighter side, there are a few positive impacts too, movies like Tarey Zameen Par, 3 Idiots have been quite encouraging and inspirational for the whole nations as the stories they portray have effected A lot of minds from teachers to students who has changed alot of perspectives of people regarding studies. LITERATURE REVIEW With the collaboration of British film Institute, UK film Council and film London both have explored on the local celluloid. They’ve depicted and looked into the impact of Local cinema on their communities and to develop impact measurement tools, they selected 5 case study cinemas and initial desk researches to explore existing literature on the impact measurement methodologies. They dabbled cinemas of the urban and rural areas of UK. And the research they discoursed and depicted the social, cultural and environmental impacts of Local cinema and overview of income and expenditure on and of cinema. Suraj pratap had some aims behind this desertation which was to analyze the relation of cinnama and Society. There were personal references of the Indian audience on the basis of interest. They discussed the impact of cinema on audience and understood the factors of bollywood either it’d be positive or negative. He implemented the method in which he conducted the number of studies across the world letting in India. They have researched on the students that how science fiction films has an effect on them. Even nowadays Hollywood industry is working on the sci-fic movies way too much and the way modern world is going ahead, students have gained interest in these sort of movies. They’ve studied context and participants have collected data. They found this by naturalistic research method, students who watched this science fiction movies had some number of misunderstandings about earth science concepts as compared to the students who don’t watch the movies. It effects negatively and makes a false concept of Science phenomena. They researched just to get the answer of the question as title mentioned it, 3D movies has the genre where viewers can imagine that all the scenes are having the plave infront of them and all scenerios are in real. We are just going in the flow with the movie and creates the fiction place, characters and story. The methods they used in this research was the sickness questionaire in which they study if it effecting the children negatively as rays may effects them negatively on the other hand they study the design and its eligibility and they made the stastical analysis too. Its a research in which linda rufer defines how movies are effecting children and teenagers psycological manner, where she connects movies with the emotions of children as viewers they connects the fictional movie with themselves as films has the feel of words and actions. Linda describes the positivity in movies many characters have pure soul with the positivity in it where children can get motivation and let them think about their lives, gives hope and energy. Discussion about the category and traits in the research is visible, movies helps children to differenciate between the wrong and right path where teamwork and other good habits like forgiving, being down to earth and many others like this may help teens to get themselves on the road of success. RESEARCH METHADOLOGY Qualative method will be use in this research, Where I will choose 5 to 10 movies as case study to find the objectives and characters of the movies and how they are effecting on the children of pakistan. I will conduct a small interview with the parents in which I discuss the routine of their children and which sort of things children pick after watching movies it leads me to get the answers of my questions. HYPOTHESIS NULL HYPOTHESIS: Ho Indian movies has vulgarity and unacceptable elements for the children. ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS: HI Indian movies has not vulgarity and unacceptable elements for the children. REFERENCES : British film institute, UK film council, Film LONDON ( 5 November 2005 ). THE IMPACT OF LOCAL CINEMA Suraj Pratap Singh, Banaras hindu university ( Dept. Of Sociology ) Varanasi 22001 ( 4 feb 2015 ) IMPACT OF CINEMA ON YOUTH Heather Barnett, heather Wagner, Anne Gatling, Janice Anderson, Meredith Houle, Alan Kafka ( 25 August 2006 ). IMPACT OF SCIENCE FICTION ON STUDENT UNDERSTANDINGS OF SCIENCE. Angelo G., Solimini ( 13 Feb 2013 ). ARE THERE SIDE EFFECTS TO WATCHING 3D MOVIES? Linda Rufer, University of Pennsylvania ( 1 August 2014 ). MAGIC AT THE MOVIES: POSITIVE PSYCOLOGY FOR CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS AND FAMILIES. How to cite Impacts of Indian Cinema on Children of Pakistan, Papers

Nocturnal Awakening And Frequent Crying †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss About The Nocturnal Awakening And Frequent Crying? Answer: Introduction: Nocturnal awakening and frequent crying episode in young children gives major challenges to parents while caring for their children. Bed time problem and night awakening affect about 20 to 30% of infants and toddlers. This problem initiating in infancy often persist in school age too. This is found to have deleterious effect on children such as poor cognitive development, mood problems, aggressive behavior and attention deficit. All this consequently has an impact on health and quality of life of children too. In case of parents, crying episodes and nocturnal awakening in children increases their distress level due to fatigue and lack of sleep (Honaker and Meltzer 2014) Hence, there is a need to find strategies or intervention to manage bedtime tantrums of children. The research by Rickert and Johnson (1988) identified the intervention of scheduled awakening as an effective strategy to reduce and gradually eliminate the crying episodes and night awakening in young children. The study mainly evaluated the effectiveness of scheduled awakening by comparing it with systematic ignoring procedure. The scheduled awakening intervention is the business process of waking and consoling a child 15 to 30 minute before nocturnal awakening to assist in sleep consolidation. The maturation in sleep pattern was analysed by means including a no treatment group without the intervention too. This report critically analysed the research study by comparing it with recent literature on the same issue to assess whether such intervention should be funded or not. Hence, the decision for funding the intervention depends on its critical appraisal by means of relevant CASP tool Search strategy: To analyse the effectiveness of scheduled awakening in reducing nocturnal awakening in young children, there is a need to review recent research literatures related to the topic to find out whether same strategies or other interventions has been proposed for addressing the research problem. The main strategy for searching the research article is to include only those articles which have been published between 2007 and 2017. The other inclusion criteria for articles includes they must be peer reviewed journal articles written in English and they must cover the strategies to manage nocturnal awakening in young children. The relevant research articles were retrieved from the databases like CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane library and the search engine called Google Scholar. The key search term used in searching the articles included nocturnal awakening and crying episodes in young children, intervention for nocturnal awakening in infants and strategies to address nocturnal awakening issues in c hildren. The inclusion criteria and specific search term can help to review current studies and evaluate current interventions proposed for the same issue. Literature search: The key findings from the review of literature are as follows: Author and date Intervention Key findings Honaker and Meltzer (2014). It analysed the effect of behavioral interventions on bedtime problem and night awakening Almost 94% studies reported efficacious outcome and clinical improvement in young children by using behavioral therapy. Support was given to interventions like scheduled awakening and positive routine Meltzer and Mindell, 2014 Behavioral interventions like graduated extinction, parent education, bedtime fading, scheduled awakening was evaluated for their effect in sleep consolidation Behavioral treatment resulted in improvement in childrens sleep onset latency and night waking frequency, however there is lack of studies that identified factors needed for success of treatment. Vriend and Corkum, (2011) Clinical management of behavioral insomnia It explained about different form of interventions for behavioral insomnia such as pharmacological intervention, behavioral treatment and sleep treatments. Behavioral treatment was found to be the first in line treatment for the night awakening Werner et al. (2015) The Zurich 3 concept for the management of sleep disorder in children. This process combines the sleep regulation model on introducing regular rhythm with adjusting bed time with behavioral strategies. The intervention was found to decrease nocturnal wake duration of children and increase night sleep duration. Price et al. (2012) Evaluation of behavioral infant sleep intervention to improve infant sleep Sleep intervention has no long term impact and parents can use their technique only for managing short to medium term sleep problems and maternal depression Critical appraisal: As the research study by Rickert and Johnson (1988) is based on randomized controlled method, the CASP tool for randomized controlled trial has been applied for critically appraising the articles. The results of the appraisal are as follows: Validity of the results of the study Presence of focused issue in the study: Rickert and Johnson (1988) gave clear indication of the focused issue in the study by clearly stating the main purpose of research. The main aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of scheduled awakening and systematic ignoring procedures (intervention) for decreasing awakening and crying episodes in infants and young children (population). Hence, the main intervention was scheduled awakening and systematic ignoring and the comparator was no treatment condition Process of allocation: In RCT studies, random allocation process is needed to randomly assign participants to treatment and control group. When this process is done correctly, it is effective in reducing bias in the system. Therefore, the two critical aspects of the random allocation process is developing random sequence and concealing the treatment before patients have been assigned to specific groups (Dettori 2010). The participants for the randomized controlled trial included 33 children with average age of 20 months and they were recruited via local newspaper advertisements. All the children were economy assigned to treatment group and control group before home visit (Rickert and Johnson 1988). Hence, it is confirmed that allocation sequence were concealed from researcher and patients as parents got to know about their assigned group only after data was collected regarding each childs daily schedule (duration of time awake for the day, feeding time, duration when child spontaneously woke up and cried a nd unusual situations disrupting routine) for 9 nine weeks. Treatment of patients who entered the trial: To assess whether all participants who entered the trial were properly accounted for its conclusion or not, it is necessary that complete follow up of patient is done and researcher analyze the outcome in participants assigned to specific group. In this context, anomalies have been found in the treatment of group in the study. For instance, at first children were randomly assigned to control, scheduled awakening or systematic ignoring group. However, as many children dropped out in between, only 33 participants remained for the study out of 56. To ensure that all participants were analyzed in their assigned group, parents were asked to report seven days prior to treatment. This helped in maintaining baseline data for the study. The maintenance of baseline data reflects the validity and transparency of the study as it helps in effectively interpreting the study results (Deke and Puma 2013). Blinding to treatment Blinding in randomized controlled trial is done by having procedures that prevents participants and assessors from knowing which intervention was given to them. However, it is impossible to achieve blinding in studies, because for evaluating the outcome of the studies, active engagement of participants is required. In the research study by Rickert and Johnson (1988), all children and their parents were randomly assigned to treatment. This means allocation to treatment was concealed from them, however it cannot be said that they were blinded to treatment too. They were randomly assigned to control and the two intervention group and participants got to know about their assigned group only after data related to the history of spontaneous awakening in each child were collected. Hence, open labeling in this study was seen which did not fulfilled the blinding criteria and this may lead to biasness too. In a similar RCT study done to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral sleep interventi on, infants were selected on the basis of parents reported sleep problem, however the difference in approach from the above study was that allocation was concealed and only researchers but not parents were blinded to group allocation (Price et al. 2012). Similarity of the groups at the start of the trial While evaluating the quality of a RCT study, the similarity of the group at the start of the trial is denoted by baseline factors such as age, sex, social class, education and health status. Keeping these baseline parameters similar is critical for maintain the validity of the study because baselines factors also influence study outcome and effect of interventions (Higgins et al. 2011). Rickert and Johnson (1988) maintained the similarity of group at the start by taking children in the age group of 6 to 54 months. However, biasness in baseline factors was that same social factor was not maintained. For instance, there were single parent families as well as two-parent families. Difference in level of education of parents was also seen which might have great impact on the study outcome. Such baseline recruitment is not maintained in many other studies too. Equal treatment of the group: Equal treatment of the group in randomized controlled trial is maintained if researcher can identify any other factors apart from the intervention that might have an impact on performance on each participant. Rickert and Johnson (1988) equally treated the group by means of exclusion criteria for recruiting the participants. For instance, since two interventions- scheduled awakening and systematic ignoring was compared in this study, researchers took care to eliminate all those factors that could have an impact on interventions. Hence, the main consideration for the researcher was to exclude those parents who did not had concern regarding spontaneous awakening. Secondly, children who resisted in going to bed were excluded because scheduled awakening is not meant to address this problem and this could have an impact on study outcome. In addition, the researcher also analysed the baseline data for age and number of night awakening episodes to determine difference in groups according to baseline factors. Vastness of treatment effect In RCT studies, treatment effect is understood from the method of comparison between outcome in intervention and control group. While comparing the decrease in the number of spontaneous awakening and crying episodes in each group, it was found that children in systematic ignoring group has faster rate of positive outcome in 8 weeks period. Another significant result from the study was that scheduled awakening was also considered to be effective in reducing night awakening, however the change or improvement in symptoms was slow in this case. The researcher also specified the period at which major difference in outcome in three groups were seen and this was observed mainly in week 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (Rickert and Johnson 1988). Hence, it can be said that be evaluating treatment groups in the order of intervention, the first place was taken by systematic ignoring condition followed by scheduled awakening and then the no treatment group. This result is also consistent with a study reviewing sleep management interventions as the study showed that systematically ignoring the demands of children for specific periods was effective in improving sleep patterns in children (Halal. and Nunes 2014). Estimate of the treatment effect The precision of the treatment effect in RCT studies is determined on the basis of confidence interval and effect size. This means that narrow confidence interval will denote clear precision in results, whereas wider interval is an indication of greater uncertainty in results. While evaluating Rickert and Johnson (1988) study on the basis of precision of its results, it can be said that the confidence interval is wide because great variability in control group and developmental trends were seen. This indicates that more research is needed to identify why children in no treatment group showed improvement in outcome. Despite this limitation, the study was successful in proving that systematic ignoring and scheduled awakening have positive effect in reducing sleep related behavioral issues in infants. Another study by ?rn?ec, Matthey and Nemeth, (2010) is most appropriate to justify this study outcome because the study was about the behavioral approaches of systematic ignoring and sched uled awakening only. The study proved the efficacy of the intervention. Application of the study result The success of any research is understood when the research provided effective and validated evidence regarding applying the intervention is local population. The generalisability and transferability of a research is high if same intervention can be easily applied in local population. In the RCT study reviewing the effectiveness of systematic ignoring and nocturnal scheduling, it can be said that although systematic ignoring gave better outcome, however there is less chance of applying it in local setting. This is because many parents may not prefer ignoring their childs cry as an appropriate treatment to reduce night awakening period. There is evidence also which have showed that parents strongly resist employing the systematic ignoring approach for their child (Etherton, Blunden and Hauck 2016). Hence, this fact suggest that scheduled awakening might be a better intervention to apply in local setting due its acceptance level among parents compared to systematic ignoring. The limita tion in acceptance of systematic ignoring also suggest that more research work is required to find effective alternative to ignoring that can give positive results too. There is also a need to conduct more research on understanding the mechanism to reinforce positive sleep behavior in children if systematic scheduling technique needs to be applied in the local population Consideration of clinically important outcomes In the context of night awakening problem in children, the most clinically significant outcome was reducing the period of nocturnal awakening and frequency of awakening in children. Rickert and Johnson (1988) proved the efficacy of systematic ignoring and systematic awakening by means of clinical outcomes too. For instance, dramatic improvement in frequency of awakening in children was seen in the systematic ignorance group and the crying episodes were reduced in other intervention group. Hence, clinically also the study is outcome, however focusing on clinical outcome of parents like stress level post intervention would also have enhanced the validity and quality of the study Value of the benefits from research The RCT trial needed both cost and time investment, however this investment was worth the effort because the efficacy of both the interventions for children could be easily judged. The study gave honest response regarding the efficacy of scheduled awakening intervention compared to systematic ignoring on grounds of its viability and acceptance level by parents. However, the only limitation is that its effects are slower and identifying the correct mechanism for this intervention will improve the outcome associated with it. Conclusion: This report highlighted the issue of nocturnal awakening and crying episodes in children and it impact on both parent and childs heath. The critical appraisal of the research by Rickert and Johnson (1988) along with comparison from recent research literature revealed that scheduled awakening is a beneficial strategy to reduce nocturnal awakening time in children. The literature search regarding similar topic also revealed that scheduled awakening is more favorable for reducing sleep problem in children. Hence, after realizing the efficacy of scheduled awakening intervention, it can be said that this intervention should be funded. It is also recommended to improve the mechanism associated with this intervention so that it can be easily implemented in community. More research regarding appropriate mechanism behind scheduled awakening would help to get clinical significant outcome in children and parents. Reference ?rn?ec, R., Matthey, S. and Nemeth, D., 2010. Infant sleep problems and emotional health: a review of two behavioural approaches.Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology,28(1), pp.44-54. Deke, J. and Puma, M., 2013.Coping with missing data in randomized controlled trials. Mathematica Policy Research. Dettori, J., 2010. The random allocation process: two things you need to know.Evidence-based spine-care journal,1(03), pp.7-9. Etherton, H., Blunden, S. and Hauck, Y., 2016. Discussion of extinction-based behavioral sleep interventions for young children and reasons why parents may find them difficult.Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine,12(11), p.1535. Halal, C.S. and Nunes, M.L., 2014. Education in children's sleep hygiene: which approaches are effective? A systematic review.Jornal de pediatria,90(5), pp.449-456. Higgins, J.P., Altman, D.G., Gtzsche, P.C., Jni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A.D., Savovi?, J., Schulz, K.F., Weeks, L. and Sterne, J.A., 2011. The Cochrane Collaborations tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.Bmj,343, p.d5928. Honaker, S.M. and Meltzer, L.J., 2014. Bedtime problems and night wakings in young children: an update of the evidence. accounting respiratory reviews,15(4), pp.333-339. Meltzer, L.J. and Mindell, J.A., 2014. Systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral interventions for pediatric insomnia.Journal of Pediatric Psychology,39(8), pp.932-948. Price, A.M., Wake, M., Ukoumunne, O.C. and Hiscock, H., 2012. Five-year follow-up of harms and benefits of behavioral infant sleep intervention: randomized trial.Pediatrics,130(4), pp.643-651. Rickert, V.I. and Johnson, C.M., 1988. Reducing nocturnal marketing and crying episodes in infants and young children: a comparison between scheduled awakenings and systematic ignoring.Pediatrics,81(2), pp.203-212. Vriend, J. and Corkum, P., 2011. Clinical management of behavioral insomnia of childhood.Psychology research and behavior management,4, p.69. Werner, H., Hunkeler, P., Benz, C., Molinari, L., Guyer, C., Hfliger, F., Huber, R. and Jenni, O.G., 2015. The Zurich 3-step concept for the management of behavioral sleep disorders in children: a before-and-after study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine,11(3), p.241.